In Portugal, legal requirements for Fire Safety in Buildings (SCIE) are established by the Technical Regulation for Fire Safety in Buildings, approved by Order no. 135/2022 (with legal basis in Decree-Law no. 224/2015). This regulation defines the minimum conditions to be met to ensure occupant safety and facilitate firefighter intervention in case of fire. Here are the main requirements:
Main Fire Safety Requirements
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Risk Classification:
Buildings are classified into different risk categories (1st to 4th) based on their height, area, and occupancy. Each category has specific fire safety requirements.
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Detection and Alarm Systems:
Installation of fire detection and alarm systems is mandatory in higher-risk buildings. These systems must be regularly inspected and maintained in accordance with technical standards.
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Fire Extinguishers (Maintenance):
All buildings must be equipped with adequate fire extinguishers. Maintenance must be carried out in accordance with Standard NP 4413:
- Periodic Maintenance: Annual and mandatory (level 1).
- Recharging or Deep Maintenance (Level 3): Must be done every 5 years or after any use.
- Hydrostatic Test (Hydraulic Proof): Varies according to the extinguishing agent, being, for example, 10 years for CO₂ extinguishers and 20 years for most water or powder extinguishers.
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Emergency Exits and Evacuation Routes:
Emergency exits must be clearly marked and accessible. Evacuation routes must be kept free of obstacles to allow quick and safe evacuation of occupants.
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Construction Materials:
Materials used in construction must have adequate fire resistance to limit the spread of fires between compartments and successive floors.
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Emergency Plans:
Higher-risk buildings must have internal emergency plans, which include procedures for evacuation and self-protection measures. These plans must be updated and communicated to occupants.
Inspection and Compliance
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Competent Authority:
The National Authority for Emergency and Civil Protection (ANEPC) is responsible for ensuring compliance with fire safety standards in buildings classified in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th risk categories, while municipalities manage the 1st category.
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Regular Inspections:
Regular inspections are mandatory to ensure that fire safety systems are operational and in compliance with current legislation.
These standards are essential to protect life and property, ensuring that residential buildings are equipped and prepared to respond effectively to fire situations.